Cup-shaped valve closure for combustion chambers



4 Sheets-Sheet 1 J. BRODZINSKY CUP-SHAPED VALVE CLOSURE FOR COMBUSTIONCHAMBERS INVENTOR. (5 BY W Arm/mus April 3, 1951 Filed May 24, 1947April 3, 1951. J. BRODZINSKY 2,547,550

CUP-SHAPED VALVE CLOSURE FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS Filed May 24, 1947 4Sheets-Sheet 2 JN VEN TOR.

ATTOR/VE Y5- April 3, 1951 J. BRODZINSKY 4 Shecs-Sheet 3 Filed May 24,1947 M ATTO/F/VEKS'.

April 3, 1951 J. BRODZINSKY 2,547,560

CUP-SHAPED VALVE CLOSURE FORCOMBUSTION CHAMBERS Filed May 24, 1947 4Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Apr. 3, 1951 CUP-SHAPED VALVE c osURE FORCOMBUSTION CHAMBERS Jacob Brodzinsky, Buffalo, N. Y.

Application May 24,- 1947, Serial No. 750,233

(Cl. (P-44) 5 Claims, 1

This invention relates to an internal combustion engine which isoperated by the explosion of a fluid explosive fuel,

Investigation heretofore of explosive solid materials has shown thatwhen a solid mass of explosive: fuel is put in the shape of a cup andignited, that the pressure of the same will be exerted radially inwardtoward the hollow side of the mass and discharged from the open endthereof and develop a pressure which is much gi-reater than if the massof fuel is ignited without having a cavity in one end of the mass.

fit is therefore the object of this invention to utilize this principleof action of an exploding mass of fluid fuel which has been presha'pedinto the form of a hollow cup shaped body and either compressed ornon-compressed.

Although various means may be employed which embody this inventionseveral forms of the same are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

In these drawings;

Fig. l is a diagrammatic longitudinal section showin an internalcombustion engine organized to operate, and utilize fluid fuel inaccordance with this invention.

Fig- 2 is a vertical cross. section of the same taken on line 2-2, Fig.1,;

Fig. 3. is a fragmentary vertical section, on an enlarged scale, of aform of this invention which includes one of the fuel explosionchamhers, a fuel supply mechanism, an ignition mechanism and meanswhereby the-body of fuel is formed into a cup shaped mass preparatory tobeing exploded and discharged-fromthe cham ber for power producingpurposes, the several parts in this figure being shown in the positionwhich they occupy while fluid fuel is being delivered into the explosionchamber and the outlet of the latter is closed by a; closure Whichcauses the fluid fuel to assume a cup shaped. mass preparatory to beingignited and discharged from theexplosion chamber.

ig. 4 is. a i s m ar to 3 but showin Fig. 4; and showing the mechanismwhereby the and the circuit of closure for the outlet of the explosionchamber the ignition mechanism are controlled.

Fig. '7 is a plan view of part of the mechanism which controls the valvefor admitting explosive fluid fuel to the explosion chamber, this viewbeing taken from line 1--'-7, Fig. 4.

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary vertical section similar to Figs. 3 and 4 andshowin a modified form of closure mechanism for the outlet of the ex--plosion chamber.

Fig. 9- is', a horizontal section taken on line 9-43, Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is another fragmentary vertical view similar to Figs. 3 and 4and showing another construction closure for the explosion chamberembodying this invention.

Fig. 11 is a horizontal section taken on line H--l I, Fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary vertical section similar to Fig. 1-0 showingastill further modification embodying this invention.

Fig. 13 is a horizontal section taken on the correspondingly numberedline in Fig. 12.

In the following description similar characters of reference indicatelike parts of the several figures of the drawings:

Referring to Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 the numeral 20 represents the firingor explosion chamber" of the engine in which the mass of explosive fuelis placed and caused to assume a cup shaped form under pressure. may bevariously constructed the same preferably has a substantiallycylindrical side wall or body l9 and a head 2| at-its outer end which isper gas, artificial gas, explosive powder or any other form of fuelwhich is substantially fluid and of a free flowing character. Variousmeans may be provided for supplying this fuel and delivering the sameinto the explosion chamber under,

pressure, for example, a rotary pump 22 having its inletconnected with asource of fuel supply and its outlet connected with the inlet port 23adapted to open into the explosion chamber through one of its fixedwalls. A tmed valve .mechanism is provided which controls the ad-Although this chamber mission of the fuel into the explosion chamber,which mechanism may be variously constructed, but, as shown in Figs. 1,3, 4 and '7 may be constructed as follows:

The numeral 24 represents a valve plug which is arranged within theexplosion chamber and movable toward and from a valve seat 25 around theinner end of the fuel inlet port 23. This valve plug is provided with avalve stem 26 which projects outwardly from the valve plug through theport 23 and a guideway 21 on the adjacent part of the fixed wall of theexplosion chamber to the exterior thereof. This valve plug is yieldinglyheld in its cross position by means of a Spring 28 surrounding the outerend of the valve stem 26 and bearing at its inner and outer ends,respectively, against the guideway 21 and a collar or shoulder 29 at theouter end of the valve stem. Opening of the valve plug is effected bymeans of a rotatable cam 30 which engages with the collar of the valvestem and is mounted on a rotatable shaft 3| which is journaled in abearing 32 supported upon the adjacent part of the fixed wall of theexplosion chamber. Rotation of the cam 36 and its shaft may be effectedby means-of an operating shaft 33 which is journaled in bearings 34 onthe fixed wall of the explosion chamber and operatively connected withthe valve shaft 3| by means of meshing bevelled gears 35,- 36.

Ignition of the charge of fuel in the explosion chamber may be effectedby various means such for example as a spark plug secured to the fixedwall of the explosion chamber and provided within the latter with a pairof terminals 49, 41 separated by a gap across which an electric jumpspark is formed upon closing an electric circuit containing theseterminals. The numeral 39 represents the electric source from which thecurrent'is derived which produces the spark between the terminals of thespark plug. The circuit of this electric source and the spark plugterminals is opened and closed by means of a circuit make and breakmechanism which in the resent case includes afiexible movable switchcontact Sl connected'with one side of the-circuit, a stationary contact38 connected with the other side of this circuit, and a trip cam 32mounted on the shaft 33 and adapted during each rotation to press themovable switch contact 4i against the stationary contact 49 for closingthis circuit and then releasing the movable contact so as to again breakthis circuit.

--The closure which controls the outlet of the explosion chamber andwhich in its closed position operates to confine the exploding mass offuel within this chamber in the form of a cup and which upon beingopened permits the exploding fuel to escape from this chamber and pressagainst a power transmitting element may bevariously constructed but theparticular form of this closure which is shown in Figs. 1, 3, 4 and 5 isconstructed as follows:

Thenumerallis represents a coil shaped memher which is wound into theform of a spiral about an axis arranged lengthwise in the center of theexplosion chamberand preferably in such manner-that this coil is ofconical form the large end of which is at the inner end of this coilwhile the small end thereof is in the outer end of the same. Uponcontracting this coil so that the convolutions or turns thereof engageeach other, the same in effect produce a gastight head, wall orgatewhich closes the inner end of the explosion chambenwhile uponexpandingthiscoil so 4 that the convolutions or turns thereof areseparated from one another then a spiral opening or passage will beformed between the several turns of the coil which provide a passagethrough which the exploded gases in the chamber are permitted to escapetherefrom through the outlet of the latter. When the coil is contractedor collapsed within the inner part of the explosion chamber the fuelreceiving space within the same has the form of a circular cap the sideof which is formed by the side wall [9 of the explosion chamber, theouter closed end of this space is formed by the rigid or fixed outerhead 2| of the chamber and the cavity at the inner end of this space isformed by the conical head or gate. The inner large end of the conicalcoil is secured to the side wall of the explosion chamber and the smallend of this coil is movable inwardly toward the large end thereof.Opening of the spiral slit or passage between the several parts of thecoil is effected by moving the small end of the coil outwardly andaxi'allyrelative to the large end thereof.

Various means may be provided for supporting the large end of the coilon the side wall of the exploding chamber but this may be accomplishedby securing the lowermost turn of the coil shaped head member to a ring44 and fastening the latter in the bore of the explosipn chamber bymeans of screws 45 one of which is shown in Figs. 3 and 4.

The outward or expanding movement of the coil for separating the turnsthereof may be effected by means of an operating rod 46 which movesaxially through a guideway '31 in the upper fixed head of the explosionchamber and has its inner end secured to the small end of the conicalcoil, a spring 48 surrounding the outer part of the operating rod andbearing at its inner end against the outer side of the guide 16 whileits outer end bears against a shoulder or collar 49 on the outer end ofthis stem. When the operating rod is free, it is moved outwardlyby meansof the spring 48 and the latterstretches or separates the several turnsof the spiral head so as to produce the spiral outlet passage betweenthe same. The several turns of the spiral head member are contracted bymoving the same inwardly relative to one another until they are in firmengagement and practically form a tight head, this being preferablyaccomplished by means of a cam 50 mounted on the operating shaft 33 andengaging with the outer end of the collar 49. The peripheral face ofthis cam is generally of snail shape and provided with a sharp drop fromits highest or salient part 5! to its lowest or receding part 52 so thatthis cam during each rotation will cause the spiral gate member 23 to befirst.

compressed and held in its closed position a suflicient length of timeto permit a charge of explosive fuel to be introduced into the explosionchamber and then permit this coil member to plosion chamber andwhen asufiicien't charge .of

t ia ha b en i tr duc i to this ham er the valve plug 24 will be closedand the spark pro-. d ed it er s mu a eou l with heoren ns of the coilshaped gate or slightly in advance or behind such opening movementdepending upon the characterof the fuel which is used and the d g ee oipr s u e wh h i i de d to mose on he mpact o th s em nt whi h receivesthe pressure of the exploding stream of fuel.

s th ch rge 11 1 s om ed nd @91 fined within the uel space between theside wall and fixed head of the explosion chamber and the innermovablegate thereof, the same has the form of a c ip which is closed atits side and'outer end while its inner end is provided with a cavityextending from the inneror front end of this mass toward the outer endthereof.

When this mass of compressed fuel is ignited and the movable gate of theexplosion chamber is opened the pressure resulting from theexplodingmass of fuel is directed radially inwardly to.- ward thelongitudinal'central axis of this mass and forwardly through the outletof the explosion chamber, the movable gate of which at-this time isopen, thereby producing a gaseous stream the pressure of which isconcentrated and produces a greater working effect on the transmittingelement and enables a greater amount of power to be derived from a givenamount of fuel compared with the method heretofore em: ployed forutilizing vaporous or gaseous fuel.

Although the thrust or impact means which receive the force of theexploding stream of fuel may be varied, the particular means for thispurpose which are shown in Figs. 1 and 2 are constructed as follows:

The numeral 53 represents a circular pressure chamber into a peripheralpart thereof the outlet of the respective explosion chamber openstangentially. Within this pressure chamber is arranged a rotary powerimpact or thrust wheel which preferably comprises a cylindrical body orhub 54 which rotates about an axis extending centrally through thepressure chamber and at right angles to the axis of the explosionchamber, and a plurality of blades, wings or vanes arranged in anannular row on the periphery of the hub and projecting outwardlytherefrom close to the peripheral parts of the pressure chamber.

As the stream of gas resulting from the explodthe same strikes theadjacent wings of the rotary impact wheel in succession and turns thesame about its axis and after the force of this stream has spent itselfthe dead gases escape from the several pockets between its bladesthrough a plurality of exhaust openings 55, which are formedtangentially in the peripheral part of the pressurechamber at a distancefrom the outlet 0 the respective explosion chamber. The power developedby the impact of the exploding gases against the blades of the impactwheel may be transmitted from the latter to the place where the power isto be utilized in any suitable manner, this being accomplished in thepresent instance by mounting the impact or power wheel on a shaft Elwhich is journaled in bearings 53 on the side walls of the pressurechamber and is adapted to be connected externally of this casing orchamber by belting or any other suitable gearing with the mechanismwhich is to be driven. For the purpose of utilizing the rotary impact orpower wheel to greater advantage and obtainns g eat r amount r w o ne enin a plurality of fuel supplying, igniting and controlling units may beemployed of the general directed "against theblades' of the impactwheelon diiiferent parts of the circumference. For example, as shown inFig. 1, two of such units are arranged on diametrically opposite sidesof the impact wheel and the pressure chamber so that the impact wheelwill receive at least two thrusts of the exploding fuel during eachrotation from the wheel, but if desired a greater movement of powerproducing units may be employed around the periphery of the impact wheeland it's pressure chamber, this being particularly advantageous when thediameter of the impact wheel and the pressure chamber are comparativelylarge. It is therefore possible toconstruct engines of various sizes andcapacity in accordance with the amount of power desired.

Although the motion for operation of each fuel supplying, igniting andcontrolling unit may be derived from any suitable source it ispreferable, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 to take the motion for thispurpose from the shaft 5'? of the impact wheel and transmit the same toeach operating shaft 33 by a transmission mechanism which comprises anupright main shaft iii which is journaled by means of suitable bearings59 on'the adjacent part of the pressure chamber wall and having itscentral part operatively connected by means of intermeshing bevelledgear wheels Gil, S! with the power shaft, and transverse intermediateshafts 52 journaled in bearings 53 on opposite sides of the pressurechamber and eachof these intermediate shafts be.- ing connected with theadjacent end of the main shaft 1!} by intermeshing gear wheels t l, 55and each of these intermediate shafts being also connected byintermeshing bevelled gear wheels 56, t! with the adjacent operatingshaft 33.

Instead of constructing the outlet gate of the explosion chamber in theform of a spiral member which is contracted and expanded for the purposeof closing and opening this gate, the same maybe constructed so as toinclude a plurality of inclined plates or leaves 68 which are adapted tofold and unfold relative to each other. As there shown, a plurality ofsuch plates are arranged in an annular row within the inner part of theexplosion chamber and each of these plates is of inwardly tapering formand adapted to engage its longitudinal edges with the correspondingedges of adjacent plates and thereby form an inwardly tapering conicalgate within the explosion chamber.

The large inner ends of these plates are pivoted on the side of theexplosion chamber by means which may consist of a cylindrical knuckle 69formed on the large end of the closure plate and seated in a grooveshaped bearing which is formed between two rings H, 12 mounted on otherat their longitudinal edges and also bear 7 against the periphery of theoperating rod 13 the same form the inner conical side of an explosionchamber which is adapted to hold a body of explosive fuel that has theform of a cap, similar to that formed by the construction shown in Figs.1, 3 and 4.

While the closure plates or leaves 68 are in their folded position andform a gate which closes the inner end of the explosion chamber fluidfuel is delivered into the same through the inlet port 23 in the fixedwall of the explosion chamber, which port is opened at this time by thevalve plug 24. After the desired quantity of fuel has been introducedunder pressure into the explosion chamber the fuel is ignited by theterminals 40, 4| of the spark plug and the closure plates 68 areunfolded or separated so as to form slits or passages between the sameand thus provide an opening whereby the exploding fuel is permitted topass from the explosion chamber through the outlet of the same. Whenthis mass of fuel is exploded the pressure exerted by the same isdirected radially inwardly toward the axis of the mass of fuel and thenlongitudinally out through the unconfined end of the mass of fuel anddirected against the im- The construction of the means for causing theclosure plates 68 to fold and unfold, comprise an inner opening ring 74engaging with the inner sides of the several closure plates andconnected by arms 15 with the inner end of the operating rod 13 and anouter closing ring '16 engaging with the outer side of the severalclosure plates and connected by arms 11 with a sleeve 18 on the adjacentpart of the operating rod 13. The latter slides in a guide sleeve 19 inthe fixed head of the explosion chamber and has its outer endoperatively connected with any suitable means whereby the same isreciprocated. Upon moving the operating rod and its inner and outerfixed rings inwardly the several closure plates 68 are caused to moveradially inward and engage each other at their longitudinal edges andalso engage the narrow inner ends thereof with the periphery of theoperating rod so as to form a tight closure or gate across the inner endof the explosion chamber and thereby produce a space which hassubstantially the form of cylinder the side and outer end of which areclosed and the inner end of which has the form of a cavity. Upon movingthe operating rod outwardly the several closure plates 58 are movedradially outward relative to the axis of the ex plosion chamber and thusliberate the exploding fuel and permit the same to exert its pressureagainst an impact member which may be of the character shown in Figs. 1and 2 or of any other suitable character.

In the modified form of this invention shown in Figs. and 11 the closuregate or head for the inner end of the explosion chamber comprises aninner conical dome 86 which is arranged in the explosion chamber andtapers outwardly from a ring 8! secured to the adjacent inner part ofthe fixed side wall of the explosion chamber and an outer cone shapedcap 82 which surrounds this dome and has its outer end connected with anoperating rod 83 extending through a bearing 85 in a fixed head 2| ofthe explosion chamber. This dome is provided with a plurality oflongitudinal slits 85 and the cap is provided with a plurality oflongitudinal slits 85. Upon tightly engaging the cap with the dome andmoving the cap so that its slits are out of register to the slits in thedome, as shown in Figs. 10 and 11 communication between the slits of thedome and the slits of the cap will be cut off and thus produce agastight gate or head for the inner end of the explosion chamber whichpermits of accumulating a charge of explosive medium in the explosionchamber. Upon moving the cap so that communication is establishedbetween the slits of the cap and the dome then the exploding mass offuel in the explosion chamber is permitted to escape therefrom uponbeing ignited and produce a pressure which is exerted radially inwardrelative to the axis of the cup shaped mass of fuel and longitudinallyoutward relative to the cavity on the inner end of the same in a mannercorresponding to the operation previously described with reference tothe mechanism shown in Figs. 1-9.

Communication between the slits of the dome and the cap may be effectedeither by rotating the cap relative to the dome so that theircorresponding slits are in register with one another or the cap may besimply lifted or moved outwardly relative to the dome so that the slitsof the dome and cap are placed in communication by the annular spacebetween the dome and cap at this time.

In the modified form of this invention shown in Figs. 12 and 13 the dome81 is of cylindrical form and provided in its side wall or body with aplurality of outlet openings 88 and in its crown with a plurality ofoutlet openings 89 and the cap 90 is also of cylindrical form andprovided in its side or skirt with a plurality of openings 9| which areadapted to be moved into and out of register with the side openings ofthe dome. The crown of this cap is provided with a plurality of outletopenings 92 which are adapted to be moved into and out of register withthe corresponding outlet openings 89 in the crown of the dome. Thiscylindrical cap is capable of rotating on the dome so that in oneposition of the cap its outlet openings are out of register with theoutlet openings of the dome and thereby form a gastight gate, partitionor closure for the inner end of the explosion chamber but when thiscylindrical cap is turned in such as position that its outlet openingsare in register with the outlet openings of the cylindrical dome thenthe exploding mass of fuel in the explosion chamber is permitted toescape therefrom and exert pressure upon the power receiving element inthe manner previously described with reference to Figs. 1-11. Rotationof the cap 98 may be effected by means of a shaft 93 journaled in abearing 94 on the fixed head 2| of the explosion chamber and connectedat its imier end with the crown of the cylindrical cap while its outerend is provided with a pulley 95 adapted to receive a belt of someactuating mechanism.

The operation of the construction shown in Figs. 12 and 13 issubstantially the same as that heretofore described with reference tothe conical dome and cap and when closed serve as a tight gate or wallfor the inner end of the explosion chamber to form a charge of fuelwhich is delivered into the same under pressure which is of cup shapeand has its hollow side facing the outlet of the explosion chamber whilethe side and opposite end of this mass of fuel are confined by theadjacent fixed side and outer head of the explosion chamber, wherebyupon igniting this mass of fuel and opening the outlet passages providedby the perforated dome and cap the pressure exerted by this explodingfuel will be directed radially inward-toward the center of the cavity inthis mass of fuel and then longitudinally outward from the open side ofthis cavity, thereby obtaining the advantageous results heretoforedescribed.

' Although the foregoing description states that the combustible gas orvapor which is used as fuel is introduced into the combustion chamberunder pressure, this pressure is merely to facilitate the passage ofsuch fuel into the chamber in a comparatively short period of time andto provide a greater mass of fuel for each cycle. The final effect ofconcentration of the total available power in a body of explosivesubstance in a direction longitudinally along the central axis of theconical, or similarly-shaped cavity, and away from it, has no relationto the application of pressure to the fuel. The confinement of the gasor fuel vapor in a chamber such as has been described has, as itsprimary object, the conformation of such a combustible mass in acylindrical, or similar shape, with a conical or similar cavity at oneend, such a shaped mass, irrespective of confining walls, resulting inan explosion in which the total power of the exploding mass is expendedprincipally or wholly along the longitudinal axis of the cavity, andaway from it.

I claim:

1. An internal combustion engine, comprising an explosion chamber, meansfeeding an explosive fluid charge into said explosion chamber, saidexplosion chamber having a closed outer side wall and a closed outer endwall and having its end opposite said outer end wall adapted to beopened and closed, a cup-shaped closure provided with interstices torender it pervious and fitted in said opposite end of said chamber,means arranged to open and close said interstices of said perviousclosure, said cup-shaped pervious closure being shaped to form aconcavity in the corresponding side of said fluid charge which extendstoward the center of said charge and said concavity being of sufficientdepth and its walls of such spacing as to focus the lines of force onexplosive expansion of the fluid charge through said interstices intosaid concavity to project a concentrated beam-like jet from saidconcavity, a

relatively movable reactor in line with said beamlike jet, and meanssynchronized with said interstice opening and closing means and arrangedto detonate said explosive charge.

2. An engine, comprising a combustion chamber, means feeding anexpansible fluid charge into said combustion chamber, said combustionchamber having a closed outer side wall, outer end wall and having itsend opposite said outer end wall adapted to be opened and closed, aplurality of inclined plates arranged in an annular row within andaround the axis of said chain-- ber, a pivot supporting each of saidplates at said opposite end of said combustion chamber for movementrelative to one another to form impervious cup-shaped closure for saidopposite end of said combustion chamber on movement toward one another,and means arranged to move said plates toward one another to so formsaid impervious cup-shaped closure for. said opposite end of saidcombustion chamber and to move said plates away from one another torender said cup-shaped closure pervious, said cup shaped closure beingshaped to form a concavity in the corresponding side of said fluidcharge which extends toward the center of said charge and said concavitybeing of sufficient depth and 7.10. its walls of such spacing as tofocus the lines of force on expansion of the fluid charge through saidpervious cup-shaped closure into said concavity to project a beam-likejet from said concavity.

3. An engine, comprising a combustion chamber, means feeding anexpansible ii id charge into said combustion chamber, said combustionchamber having a closed outer side wall, a closed outer end wall andhaving its end opposite said outer end wall adapted to be opened andclosed, a plurality of inclined plates arranged in an annular row withinand around the axis of said 1 chamber, a pivot supporting each of saidplates at said opposite end of said combustion chamber for movementrelative to one another to form an impervious cup-shaped closure forsaid opposite end of said combustion chamber on movement toward oneanother, means arranged to move said plates toward one another to soform said impervious cup-shaped closure for said opposite end of saidcombustion chamber and to move said plates away from one another torender said cup-shaped closure pervious, said cup shaped closure beingshaped to form a concavity in the corresponding side of said fluidcharge which extends toward the center of said charge and said concavitybeing of sufficient depth and its walls of such spacing as to focus thelines of force on expansion of the fluid charge through said perviouscup-shaped closure into said concavity to project a beam-like jet fromsaid concavity, and a relatively movable reactor arranged in line withsaid beam-like jet.

4. An engine, comprising a combustion chamber, means feeding anexpansible fluid charge into said combustion chamber, said combustionchamber having a closed outer side wall, a closed outer end wall andhaving its end opposite said outer end Wall adapted. to be opened andclosed, a plurality of inclined plates arranged in an annular rowwithin, and around the axis of said chamber, a pivot supporting each ofsaid plates at said opposite end of said combustion chamber for movementrelative to one another to form an impervious cup-shaped closure forsaid opposite end of said combustion chamber on movement toward oneanother, a ring embracing said plates andarranged to engage and movesaid plates toward one another to so form said impervious cup-shapedclosure for said opposite end of said combustion chamber, a ringarranged on the opposite side of said plate from said first ring andarranged to engage and move said plates away from one another to rendersaid cup-shaped closure pervious, means for moving said rings in unisonto render them alternately effective, said cup-shaped closure beingshaped to form a concavity in the corresponding side of said fluidcharge which extends towards the center of said charge and saidconcavity being of sufficient depth and its walls of such spacing as tofocus the lines of force on expansion of said fluid charge through saidpervious cumshaped closure into said concavity to project a beam-likejet from said concavity, and a relatively movable reactor arranged inline with said beam-like jet.

5. An engine, comprising a chamber in a ..lCh expansion takes place,means feeding an expansihle fluid charge into sa d chamber, said chamberhaving a closed outer side wall, a closed outer end wall and having itsend opposite said. outer end wall adapted to be opened and closed. a cupshaped dome arranged in chamber and having its rim secured to oppositeend thereof and having a plurality of openings, a cap fitted againstsaid dome and having a plurality of openings adapted to be brought intoand out of register with said dome, and means for moving said caprelative to said dome to bring the openings thereof out of register toform an impervious cup-shaped closure and to bring the openings thereofinto register to render said cup-shaped closure pervious, saidcup-shaped closure being shaped to form a concavity in the correspondingside of said fluid charge which extends toward the center of said chargeand said concavity being of suflicient depth and its walls of suchspacing as to focus the lines of force on expansion of the fluid chargethrough said pervious cupsnaped closure into said concavity to project abeam-like jet from said concavity.

JACOB BRODZINSKY.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

